Short Answers

 1.  Define Microprocessor?

A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven, register-based electronic device that reads binary instructions from a  storage device called memory,  accepts binary data as input and processes data according to those instructions, and provides as output.

2.  What is Hardware and Software?

The physical components of the system i.e. computer are called Hardware. Group of programs is called software.

3.  Why the microprocessor is viewed as a programmable Device?

A microprocessor is programmable because it can be instructed to perform given tasks within its capability. The microprocessor is designed to understand and execute many binary instructions.

4.  What is Central processing Unit ( CPU ) ? And Write the use of  it.

CPU is a heart of the computer. Central processing Unit controls the operation of the computer. In  a microcomputer the CPU is a microprocessor. The CPU fetches binary coded instructions from memory, decodes the instructions into a series of simple actions and carries out these actions in a sequence of steps.

5.  What is a chip?

A chip is also called an integrated circuit. Generally it is a small, thin piece of silicon onto which the transistors making up the microprocessor have been etched. A chip might be as large as an inch on a side and can contain tens of millions  of  transistors.  Simpler  processors  might  consist  of  a  few  thousand transistors etched onto a chip just a few millimeters square.

6.  What is System Bus?

The System bus is a communication path between the microprocessor and peripherals. It is nothing but a group of wires to carry bits.

7.    What is Address Bus?

The address bus consists of 16, 20, 24 or 32 parallel signal lines. On these lines the CPU sends out the address of the memory location that is to be written to or read from.   The number of address lines determines the number of memory locations that the CPU can address. If the CPU has N address lines, then it can directly address 2N  memory locations. Simply, we can say that Address Bus is

used to carry the address.

8.  What is Data Bus?

The data bus consists of 8, 16, or 32 parallel signal lines. The data bus lines are bidirectional. This means that the CPU can read data in from memory or from a port on these lines, or it can send data out to memory or to a port on these lines. Simply we can say that data bus is used to carry the data.

9.    What is Assembly Language?

A  medium  of  communication  with  a  computer  in  which  programs  are written in mnemonics. Binary instructions are given abbreviated names called mnemonics, which form the assembly language for a given processor.

10. What is Machine Language?

The binary medium of communication with a computer through a designed set of instructions specific to each computer.

11.  What is Bit-Slice processor?

For some Applications , general purpose CPUs such as the 8080 and 6800 are  not  fast  enough  or  do  not  have  suitable  instruction  sets.  For  these applications ,several manufacturers produce devices which can be used to build the custom CPU. This family includes 4 bit ALUs, multiplexers, sequencers and other parts needed for custom building a CPU. The term slice comes from the fact that these parts can be connected in parallel to work with 8 bit words, 16- bit words, or 32 bit words.

12.  What is microcontroller?

Microcontroller is a Device that includes microprocessor, memory and I/O signal lines on a single chip, fabricated using VLSI technology.

13.  List the  main applications of 8 bit microprocessors?

8  bit  microprocessors  is  used  in  a  variety  of  applications  such  as appliances, automobiles, industrial process and control applications.

14.  Write the uses of microprocessors in Medical Instrumentation field?

Patient Monitoring in Intensive Care Unit, Pathological Analysis and the measurement of parameters like blood pressure and temperature.

15.  Define  Real Time Systems :

Real Time Systems are those in which timeliness is as important as the correctness of the outputs, although this does not mean that they have to be “fast systems”.

16.  List the limitations of 8 bit microprocessor:

•    Lower Execution Speed

•    It can address less memory size

•    Few instructions are available

17.  What do you mean ‘ Data Width’?

Data Width is the width of the ALU. An 8 bit ALU can add / subtract/ multiply etc.. two 8 bit numbers .  In many cases, the external data bus is the same width as the ALU, but not always. The 8088 had a 16 bit ALU and 8 bit bus , while the modern Pentiums fetch data 64 bits at a time for their 32 bit ALUs.

18.  Draw and specify the complete bit configuration of 8085  flag Register?

S- Sign Flag  .  If D7 =1 , then sign flag is set, otherwise rest.

Z-Zero  flag.    If  ALU  operation  results  in  zero,  then  this  flag  is  set, Otherwise it is reset.

AC-Auxilliary flag. In an arithmetic operation ,when a carry is generated by digit D3 and passed on to digit D4, the AC flag is set. Otherwise it is reset.

P-Parity Flag. If the result of an arithmetic or logic operation has an even number of 1’s then this flag is set. Otherwise it is reset.

CY-Carry Flag. If an arithmetic operation results in a carry, the carry flag

is set. Otherwise it is reset.

19.  List  the  four  operations  commonly  performed  by  MPU(  Micro  processing Unit)?

•    Memory Read : Reads data (or instructions) from memory.

•    Memory Write: Writes Data (or instructions) into memory.

•    I/O Read: Accepts data from input devices.

•    I/O Write: Sends data to output devices.

20.  Write about RST pins in 8085?

In 8085 ,three RST pins are available, such as RST 7.5 ,RST 6.5 , RST 5.5.  RST  represents  Restart  Interrupts.  These  are  vectored  interrupts  that transfer the program control to specific memory locations. They have higher priorities than the INTR  interrupt.  Among these three,  the priority order is 7.5,6.5,5.5.